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Socially vulnerable populations refer to groups that experience a higher risk of adverse social, economic, and health outcomes due to factors such as discrimination, economic hardship, lack of access to healthcare, and other forms of systemic disadvantage. Those experiencing marginalization are often overlooked in terms of resources and support, making them susceptible to further challenges in areas like healthcare, housing, education, and employment.

This definition encompasses individuals or groups who are affected by social determinants of health, leading to increased vulnerability. In contrast, individuals with high income, participants who volunteer for studies, and members of affluent communities typically have greater access to resources and opportunities that can buffer against social risks. Therefore, these groups do not align with the characteristics of vulnerability that signify social disadvantage, which is why the correct answer highlights those who face marginalization.